Table of Contents
Learn to Program with C++ Using the Borland C++ Compiler

Chapter 1---Where Do I Begin? 
Where Do We Begin 
Programming the Easy Way 
Planning a Program is Like Planning a House 
We Receive a Call from our 'client' 
We Meet with Our Client 
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 
Phase 1: The Preliminary Investigation 
Phase 2: Analysis Phase 
Phase 3: Design Phase 
Output Design 
Input Design 
Processing Design 
Phase 4: Development Phase 
Phase 5: Implementation Phase 
Phase 6: Audit and Maintenance Phase 
Where To From Here? 
Summary 

Chapter 2--- Getting Comfortable With C++ 
Getting Comfortable with C++ 
Writing Our First C++ program 
Create the Source File with a file name extension of .cpp 
Compile the C++ Source File into an Executable File 
Common Compiler Errors 
Oops: Could Not Find File 
Oops: Can’t Find the Compiler 
Run the C++ Program 
Elements of a C++ program 
Program Comments 
The Include Statement 
The main() Function 

Chapter 3---Data 
Computer Data 
Variables 
Our first variable: The Local Variable 
Declaring a Variable 
Assigning a Value to a Variable 
Declaration and Assignment Combined 
A Quick Look at the Global Variable 
Variable Scope and Lifetime 
Constants 
C++ Data Types 
Numeric Data Types 
short 
unsigned short 
int and long 
unsigned int and unsigned long 
float 
double 
Nonnumeric Data Types 
bool 
char and wchar_t 
The String Object 
Operations on Data 
Arithmetic Operations 
The Addition Operator (+) 
The Subtraction Operator (-) 
The Multiplication Operator (*) 
The Division Operator (/) 
The Remainder Operator (%) 
The Increment Operator (++) 
The Decrement Operator (--) 
Order of Operations 
Comparison Operators 
Logical Operators 
The And Operator (&&) 
The Or Operator (||) 
The Not Operator (!) 
Summary 

Chapter 4---Selection Structures 
Selection Structures 
Getting Input Into Your Program 
The Sequence Structure---Falling Rock 
The C++ Selection Structure---the If Statement 
The If…Else Statement 
The Switch Statement 
Continuing with the Grades Calculation Project 
Summary 

Chapter 5---Loops 
Why Loops? 
The For Loop 
Variations on the For Loop Theme 
While Loops 
The While Loop 
Do-While Loop 
Adding a Loop to the Grades Calculation Project 
Summary 

Chapter 6---Creating Your Own Functions 
Modular programs are easier to maintain and understand 
What is a Function? 
Creating your own Functions… 
Function Prototype 
Method Header 
The Return Type 
Function Parameters and Arguments 
By Default, Arguments Are Passed by Value in C++ 
Using Functions to Fine-tune Your Code 
Function Overloading 

Chapter 7---Creating Objects from Instantiable Classes 
Creating Objects from Instantiable Classes 
Creating Classes Is an Extension of Modular Programming 
Objects Have Properties that Simulation Object Characteristics 
Objects Have Behavior (Methods) 
Creating objects from your classes 
Changing an Object's Attributes 
Calling an Object's Functions (Methods) 
Creating Multiple Objects from Your Classes 
Class Constructors 
Class Contracts 
Overloaded Constructors 
Static Variables 
Destroying an Object 
Class Destructors 
Working With Objects 
Summary 

Chapter 8---Controlling Access To The Data In Your Object 
Controlling Access to Your Object's data 
Member Variables--Public or Private? 
Creating a Property: get() and set() Accessor methods 
Set() Accessor Methods 
get() Accessor Methods 
Let's Analyze the Grades Calculation Project for Data Integrity 
A surprise visit from Frank Olley 
Summary 

Chapter 9---Inheritance and Interfaces 
Inheritance 
Before Inheritance Came Along... 
Creating Classes from Other Classes Using Inheritance 
The Base (Parent) Class 
The Derived (Child) Class 
Planning Your Object Hierarchy in Advance 
Abstract Classes and Pure Virtual Functions 
Creating a Base Class and Derived Classes in the Grades Calculation Project 
Summary 

Chapter 10---Arrays 
Why Arrays 
What's an Array? 
Declaring an Array 
Adding data to the Elements of an Array 
The Wonders of Array Processing 
Using an Array for Averaging 
A Problem with our Array 
Multiple dimensioned Arrays 
Creating Arrays of Objects 
Summary 

Chapter 11---Pointers 
Why Pointers? 
The Classic Example: The Swap Program 
What Is A Pointer? 
Declaring and Naming a Pointer 
The AddressOf Operator (&) 
The Indirection Operator (*) 
The Swap() Function Using Pointers 
Pointers and Arrays 
Pointer Arithmetic 
Pointers to Objects 
The Free Store 
Declaring Variables and Objects on the Free Store 
Creating and Destroying Arrays on the Free Store---Dynamic Memory 
Summary 

Chapter 12---Errors and Exception Handling 
Errors and Error Handling 
Common Beginner Errors 
Compiler Errors 
C++ is Case Sensitive 
Spelling 'main' as 'Main' 
Forgetting to reference the std Namespace 
Forgetting to include the iostream Library 
Forgetting the Semicolon at the End of a Statement 
A Semicolon (;) Must End a Class Definition 
Braces (and Parentheses) Must Occur in Matching Pairs 
Forgetting the Left and Right Parentheses for the Condition in an If Structure 
Confusing the Equality Operator (==) with the Assignment Operator (=) 
Forgetting to Code a Function Prototype 
Forgetting to Specify a Return Type for a Function You Write 
Forgetting to Return a Value from a Function You Write 
Returning the Wrong 'Type' of Return Value for a Function You Write 
Returning a Value from a Function Whose Return Type is Void 
Creating an Overloaded Method with What You Believe to Be a Different Signature 
Runtime Errors/Logic Errors 
Not Initializing a Variable Is a Logic Error 
Referring to an Element Outside the Array Bounds Is a Logic Error 
Forgetting to Increment a Counter Variable 
Forgetting to Add to an Accumulator 
Not Providing a Way for a While Structure to End 
Forgetting to Code a Break Statement in a Switch Structure 
Division by Zero 
Dealing With Errors in Your Program 
C++ Exceptions and Error Handling 
Basic Error Handling 
Try-Catch 
Should We Modify the Grades Calculation Project to Include Error Handling? 
Testing the Program 
Delivering and Implementing the Grades Calculation Project 
Summary